Coded track circuit signaling system



July 28, 1942- T. J. JUDGE GODED TRACK CIRCUIT SIGNALING `SYSTEM Filed May 2, 1941 9 Sheets-Sheetl l TlIvTlllll T lllllll lllllll. IIITIUI 00500 +0,N +000 M0 n @.0 50. +S.. +0@ 00+ 0 +000 300mm /zJrJl Ji 0.00? rr. L, .501:0 li .E l:00. .50.5. FQ. Ik 0.000500. +00 0 0f 0m W0/ .0. 0m0|rm0 0 0r1 .mf mA ..||T||.T|| TILAIIITIIIL lllllll I l ..|||||T. Il 04+ +000 1 0.000,30@ +000 +000 T +S. |141 0 +0w0 RM n O o .N TILT- m L Tlv ma@ Tdi|+00 Ao 0 |lJ|vJll|++ .0. S0. +000 +000 +0m0 +W.L v. n ..00 +0 0 00 00 000 ,.00 ...p00 Q 0. .0 0 0.. N A .5.50 L?. .50h00 .5.5 f 10. .E l il/0|.. S0 ..L S0 50 00-00. +00 .E )LM tw /T 0N 00 0.090 .M2502 m0F 00 00F .0.0% m0 M00 2F00 mr. N m TMLTIM. rlihlrlni +00 I+Il 00.9.0 nwi om n. 0.52.0 #.0000 ,00ml 0M w04 S000 Nimm 00 July 28, T- J. JUDGE CODED TRACK CIRCUIT SIGNALING SYSTEM 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 2, 1941 INVENTo e7. lwoyf, BY w y@ Arriv July 2s, 1942. T J JUDGE 2,291,579

CODED.TRACK CIRCUIT SIGNALING SYSTEM i l |A i |75 T |l I 246 l 1 165 Wip* 59 I NV NTOR B; f- R i wm d/2%,

ATTORNEY July 28, 1942. T. J. JUDGE 2,291,579 n CODED TRACK CIRCUIT SIGNALING SYSTEM Filed May 2, 1941L l 9 sheets-sheet 4 M 8pm Nm l |504 arma 9pm y *l @fr-rf T l l L1 l J l 1 I I I I l i l INVENTOR ATTORNEY July'zs, v1942. T J JUDGE' 2,291,579

CODED TRACK CIRCUIT SIGNALING SYSTEM Filed May 2, 1941 9 SheelZS-Sheel 5 H4 .d 9 F|G..2.C.

@Pmi @NW1 ioNTR y10pm l I v l I I l I l 1fl l w) (ePTrx) l 150er @D J INVENTOR ATTORNEY mm2 151ml l 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 wl. i5 l uw (2 H Um w 13W m 2 r Il. W VN Y c 4L l F a QJ n T 7 I .l H Illrl .I I I |17. 9 F WU 4 7 M L 1m 9 1 Il .Im ww. WN N H .7 H F H al 'Illu |||||ll I II C 2 o T. J. JUDGE Filed May 2, 1941 CODEDTRACK CIRCUIT SIGNALING SYSTEM INVENTOR BY a ATrORNE-Ymaw July 28, 1942.

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15N HP 9 Slheets-Sheet 9 L--Tf-m eNH (am-Fx) T. J. JUDGE CODED TRACK CIRCUIT SIG-NALING SYSTEM FIG.. 4.

Filed May 2, 1941 BNTF FIG.. 3.

` July 2s, 1942.

Patented July 28, 1942 UNITED CODD TRACK CIRCUIT SIGNALING SYSTEM Thomas J. Judge, Rochester, N. Y., assignor to General Railway Signal Company, Rochester,

Application May z, V1941, serial No. 391,453

29 Claims.

This invention relates to signaling systems for railroads, and it more particularly pertains to block signaling systems of the absolute 'permissive block type for-single track railroads employing coded track circuits.

The type of absolute permissive block signaling systems commonly used in practice is more particularly adapted to single track railroads having a considerable distance between sidings.

This is true, unless extra line wires are provided for overlap controls, because at least three blocks must be included .between sidings, and the blocks must be long enough so that two opposing trains having entered a stretch of track between sidings simultaneously will have braking .dis-` tance beyond the intermediate danger signals they encounter. This is required, because, under such conditions, the simultaneous entry of opposing trains into a stretch of track between sidings allows each train to receive a clear signal upon entrance into such stretch of track, as the passage of an entering signal is essential to effect the tumbledown of the opposing signals. The increased speed of the'present trains and other traiiic conditions presents the problem of providing safe signaling for short stretches of .track between sidings Without requiring extra line wires for overlap control.

An object of the present invention is to provide an absolute permissive block signaling system employing coded track circuits, without the use of line wires between signal locations, that is readily adaptable to short as well as long stretches of single track. The present invention provides that the presenceof a train in approach to the leaving or head block signal at the end of a siding will cause the opposing leavingI signal at the 4next siding to indicate caution, a leaving signal beingr considered as the signal governing passage of a train from a siding section. Such condition exists for both directions of traflic. In other words, the present invention provides by means of coded track circuit controls that the most favorable indication to be encountered by opposing trains upon simultaneous entry to a stretch of single track between sidings is caution. Thus, each train has a Warning that it must Vbe prepared to stop short of the first intermediate s ignal. By such signaling arrangement, safe opposing train operation can be provided for a stretch of track between sidings that is as short as double braking distance in length.

Another object of the present invention is to provide overlap controls for certain signals in a coded absolute permissive block signaling system vdrawings without the use of line wires. Such overlap controls greatly facilitate the proper location of signals along short stretches of track between sidings The system according to the present invention provides a coded track circuit for each of the track sections having a. code transmitter anda .code receiver at each end thereof. For the purpose of description of the present invention, a

code transmitted directly in accordance with animpulse producing -device is called a driven code, and a code having its characters transmitl ted during the deenergized or foi periods of a driven code forv thattrack circuitfis called an inverse code. Thus, by transmitting in a track sectiona. selected driven code in one direction and a selected inverse code in the opposite directionfsignal controls for both directions of trailic can be simultaneously transmitted.

codes by varying the rate of impulse transmission, and by varying the polarity of` the impulses employed. Inas'much as the inverse code rate is dependent upon the driven code rate for that track section, the inverse codes are distinctive primarily by the polarity of the impulses used.

.Another object of the present invention, due to there being a greaterselec'ztiony of driven'codes lavailable than inverse codes, is to provide in certain of the track sections means for reversing the direction of transmissionY of driven codes in accordance with the direction ofapproaching trafiic. Such reversal provides` that the opposing signals at the ends of a block can each have their signal indications governed in accordance with the reception of a driven codelwhen a train is approaching such signal. Other objects, purposes and characteristic features of the present invention will be in part obvious from the accompanying drawings and in part pointed out as the description of the invention progresses. X

In describing the present invention in detail, refexence will be made to the accompanying in which corresponding yreference characters are used to `designate corresponding parts throughout the various figures, `in which like letter reference characters are used to des-fignate parts havingv similar featuresand functions, such parts being generally made distinctive by reason of preceding numerals or by exponents indicative of the particular location of devices with which such parts are associated, and in which:

Figs. 1A to 1J inclusive, show diagrammatically the codes transmitted through the track circuits for the control of the various signals for this embodiment of the present invention in accordance with various assumed traffic' conditions;

Figs. 2A to 2F inclusive, when placed side by side, illustrate in detaiL- thei-xnanner in which the present invention isiapplie'd to the control of signals for a typical stretch of track extending between two sidings, and for the entering and leaving signals'at a siding;

Fig. 3 illustrates in detail a typical manner in which the decoding of the codes received at the end of a track circuit is eected; and

Fig. 4 illustrates in a typical manner for a particular signal location howthe control of the signal can be modified from the form illustrated in Fig. 3.

The illustrations have been arranged to show diagrammatically in a simplified manner the circuits employed by the present invention in order tofacilitate the disclosure thereof as to the mode of operation and principles involved, rather than attempting to show the specific construction and arrangement of parts that would kbe employed inpractice. Thus, symbols are employed in the conventional manner for relays and other devices, and symbols are used for connections to sources of energy rather than illustrating in detail the connections to batteries, transformers, or other sources of energy as would be provided in practice. f

The symbols and are employed to indicate the connection to the positive and negative terminals respectively of suitable batteries or other sources of direct current, and thecircuits with which those symbols are used always have current flowing in the same direction. The symbols PTFX, NTFX and 'IFCX are used to illustrate connections to the secondary windings of transformers PTF and NTF (provided with preceding numerals indicative of the track circuit with which such transformers are associated) as typically illustrated inFig. 3. 'I'hese symbols are used to-simplify the drawings Aas shown in Figs. 2A to 2F inclusive in that the transformer connections PTFX (provided with proper preceding numerals) indicate connections to the secondary windings of transformers energized upon reception of positive track circuit impulses, the reference characters NTFX (provided with preceding numerals) indicate connections to the secondary winding of transformers NTF energized upon the` reception of negative code impulses, and the reference characters TFCX (provided with preceding numerals) indicate common connections between the secondaryv windings of the transformers PTF and NTF for the particular end of the track circuit involved.

For the purpose of simplifying the description of the present inventionv as to the utility and mode of operation of certain types of devices, reference is made from time to time to functions common to all parts of a similar character by use of letter reference characters common to such parts without preceding numerals or exponents. It is to be understood that such a reference applies to any parts designated in the drawings by reference characters that are similar except for the preceding numerals or the exponents associated therewith.`

With reference to Fig. 1A, the trackway for this embodiment of the present invention comprises a main stretch of track divided into blocks and having passing sidings 23, 24, 2'5 and 26 spaced at short distances apartfrom each other by stretches of single track. Although in this embodiment of the present invention three track sections are included between each of the sidings, it is to be understood that a greater number of track sections can be provided in accordance with the requirements of practice. It is also to be understood that the system provided by the present invention is adaptable to a stretch of track between sidings having only .two blocks, there being a single double intermediate signal location between the sidings. It is believed to be readily apparent to those familiar with the art how the circuits shown and described in this embodiment of the present invention can be modified to satisfy such different signal arrangements as may be required in railway practice.

With reference to Figs. 2A to 2F inclusive, it will be noted that the circuits are illustrated in detail for a portion of the trackway which is shown in Fig. 1A, such portionincluding track sections 1T, 8T, 9T, IOT, ||-'|2T, |3T and MT.. These circuits show in detail how the signal controls are communicated through the siding sections, and through a stretch of single track between sidings.

It is to be understood that the passing sidings are constructed in the usual manner, the track switches being provided with the usual type of switch circuit controllers and being properly bonded to provide fouling protection. 'I'he siding section formed by the passing track itself is in this embodiment a "dead section in that it has no track circuit.

The signals for governing traiiic in both direc.- tions along the trackway are located in accordance with the usual practice, there being entering and leaving signals at each end of each of the passing sidings, and there being intermediate signals along the trackway between the sidings. For example, with reference to Fig. 2A, the west bound signal l is a leaving signal for the siding 24, and the east bound signal 8 is an entering signal for the siding 24. In a similar manner the signals 9 andl I0 are entering and leaving signals respectively for the right-hand end of the siding 24. West and east bound signals Il and I2 respectively are intermediate signals in the stretch of track between sidings 24 and 25, commonly known in practice as staggered intermediate signals.

The symbols used in the diagrams in the accompanying drawings for the signals located along the trackway are to be considered as conventional symbols indicative of the indications the various signals can display, rather than indicative of the particular type of signals em'- ployed in practice, as it is to be understood that various types of signals such, for example, as semaphore, searchlight, color light signals having individual color lamp units, and position light signals can be used in accordance with the requirements of practice. For this embodiment of the present invention the signals employed are of the color light type having individual color lamp units. Each'signal has a green lamp for indicating clear, a yellow lamp for indicating caution, and a red lamp for indicating danger or stop.

Each of the track sections illustrated in Fig. 1A has a track circuit with a code transmitter and a code receiver at each end thereof. The

' code transmitter and code receiver in each case each track circuit includes at each end thereof a positive and negative code transmitter relay PC and NC respectively and a positive and a. negative code following relay P'IR, and NTR respectively. The code following relays PTR and NTR have a polar -magnetic structure so arranged that those relays are act-ivevonly upon the reception of impulses of the particular polarity which such relays are intended to receive, relays P'TR being operable to receive positive impulses in the track circuits, and the relays NTRl being operable to receive impulses of negative polarity. For purpose of description of the presentinvention the .polarity of energization of anytrack circuit will be considered as the Vpolarity of the track battery applied toA the lower rail of the track section.

The pulsing of each relay PTR causes the sustaining of energization fora relay PH associated therewith. Each relay PH is energized in-accordance with the pulsing of'a contact of its asy Asociate relay PTR through the medium of a transformer PTF which providesproper Ymeans.

for detecting the presence of a code in the track circuit. Such means of energization of each relay PH is provided as typically shown in detail in Fig. 3. In a similar manner the pulsing of -a relay NTR causes a relay NH to .be picked up throughthe medium of a transformer and rectifying means as illustrated in Fig.`3. Certain of the signal locations also have an additional decoding relay D which is energized by a circuit tuned to a rate of 180 impulses per minute, such circuit means is energized in accordance with the pulsing of a contact of the positive code following relay PTR for the track section with which such D relay is associated.

A relay F is provided for certain of the code transmitters in order to govern the direction of code transmission through the track section with which it is associated.

A stick relay S and a control relay C are provided for each signal for properly selecting the codes to be transmitted in accordance with the direction of the passage of trains.

At the ends of track sections where a driven code is to be transmitted at the times selected, code forming devices such as oscillators are provided. An oscillator suitable for the purpose is shown, for example, in the patent to P. N. Bossart, Patent No. 1,858,876, dated May 1'7, 1932. The contacts shown in-Figs. 2A to2F inclusive bearing reference .characters |80CT are to be understood as contacts of an oscillator producing impulses at a rate of 180 impulses per minute, and contacts designated by the reference characters 15CT are to be -understood as contacts of an oscillator producing impulses at a ra/te of 75 impulses per minute. The impulses formed by such oscillatory means are preferably of such lengths as to .provide oil and on periods of relatively equal length. It is to be understood that other impulse forming devices such as motor driven coders could as well 4be used.

Each of the entering signals has an approach relay AR connected in the track circuit` in the rear of such signal and arranged so as to become active only when increased current iiows in the track circuit due to the presence of a train. A

slow acting approach repeater relay ARP is provided for eachapproach relay AR such relay having enough slow action to be maintained steadily picked up in accordance with the pulsing of the approach relay AR with which it is associated.

Having considered the general organization of the system for this embodiment of the. present invention, it is believed that the mode of operation ofthe system will best be understood upon considering certain typical operating conditions under various conditions of traffic.

Operation General- In order that an understanding may be had as to the general mode of operation of the system without considering in detail the arrangement of circuits for providing such operation, consideration will be givento the various tralc conditions illustrated in Figs. 1A tolJ inclusive, and detail consideration will be hereinafter included as to the circuits which provide the desired -mode of operation.

With reference to Fig. 1A,'it will be noted that the signals are normally cleer for' both directions of traiilc, and that-driven` codes' are transmitted inboth directions away from" the head block signal locations at the'endsfof .each siding;v A driven code is normally.. transmitted through the center track section of eachstretch of track between sidings from right to left. Ther driven codes are illustrated by solid arrows pointing in the direction of code transmission, and the in verse codes are represented .by broken arrows pointing inthe direction of code transmission.

VThe overlap control reference -lines 30 for the leaving signals 4, 1, IIJ, I3, I6 and I9 are provided in order to illustrate diagrammaticallythat the control sections for such leaving signals ex-Y to be more desirable to show that the signal'has its control apparatus conditioned so that it can be cleared when approach lighting becomes effective.

It will be noted in Fig. 1A, that the driven codes transmitted under normal conditions are all at a ratev and are of positive polarity, while the inverse codes transmitted under normal conditions are al1 of positive polarity. The organization of vthe system is such, that the passage of a train causes the transmission of driven codes in such adirection in advance thereof as to cause each signal governing passage of the train to be clearedl in accordance with the `reception of a driven code except for the leaving signals which are governed only by inverse codes.

With reference to Fig. 1Bit will be noted that thepresence' of the train A within a siding train A past the signal 4, which has been cleared in accordance with the reception of a positive inverse code, causes the tumble-down characteristic of absolute permissive block signaling systems by removing the inverse code transmitted for the control of signals and 1 and thus causing such signals to display danger indications. The removal of the inverse codetransmitted for the control of signal I also causes the reversal of the direction of transmission of the code through the track section 5T. When such reversal is effected, the'signal 8 is cleared by the reception of a 180 driven code, and an inverse code of negative polarity is transmitted to the-signal 9 to cause such signal to display a danger indication, and in accordance therewith to cause the signal Il to be conditioned to display a. caution indication by the transmission of a 75+ code for its control. It will be noted that the selection for transmission to .signal Il of the 75+ code rather than a 75- codeV does not disturb the transmission of an inverse code of positive impulses for the clearing of signal I3. This condition can be compared to the condition illustrated in Fig. 1B in which the selection for transmission in the rear of signal 3 of a 'I5- code changes the polarity of transmission of the inverse code for the control of signal I and thereby causes the signal I to display a caution indication. It will be noted with reference to Figs. 1D and 1E that the progress of the east bound train A through the track sections 5--5T and 1T does not disturb the codes transmitted for the control of the opposing signals 9, II and I3. The mode of operation just described with reference to Figs. 1C, 1D and 1E, however, is changed somewhat dependent upon the approach of opposing trains as will vbe hereinafter considered with reference to Figs. 1G, 1H, 1I and 1J. 4

With reference to Figs. 1D and 1E it is illustrated how the overlap control for signal 4 is provided. vThat is, with the trainl A in track section 5-6T, the signal 4 remains at stop, because there is no code transmitted for clearing such signal. However, when the train A has left the track section 5-6T as shown in Fig. 1E, the steady energization of track section 5--6T causes the transmission of a negative inverse code through the track section 4T for the caution indication of signal 4.

ever, with reference to Fig. 1F, it will be noted that the presence oi' the trains A and B in siding sections for adjacent; sidings 24 and 25 causes the leaving .signals I0 and I3 to display caution rather than clear indications. The codes transmitted to provide such indications are similar to those illustrated in Fig. 1B for the control of opposing signalswhere the passage of east and westbound trains A and B are considered independently. It is by this arrangement, that safety can be provided where short single track sections between sidings are concerned because the en-` trance of trains A and B simultaneously to the stretch of single track between sidings 24 and 25 could be effected only Iunder conditions where both trains A and B would encounter caution indications at the leaving signals. Such indications would be effective to warn the trainmen of the opposing trainsl that they must be prepared to stop short of the rst intermediate signal to be encountered. By such. arrangement, it would even be possible toprovide safe operation for a short stretch of track between sidings having only two blocks, and one double intermediate signal location between the sidings. With the signaling arrangement as shown, however. the track section I I-I 2T can'be as short as desirable in practice. 'I'his shortening of the track section between staggered intermediate signals under the conditions as illustrated in Fig. 1F can be compared to the absolute permissive block signaling systems most, commonly in use which would provide, under the trailic conditions illustrated in Fig. 1F, that the leaving signals I0 and I3 would be clear, and such being the case, double braking distance would be required in the track section II-I2T in order that the trains A and B would have suflcientl braking distance beyond the intermediate signals II and I2 in case such trains should enter the stretch of track between sidings 24 and 25 substantially simultaneously. In case of simultaneous entry in accordance with the present invention into the stretchof track between sidings 24 and 25, the effective braking distance for the opposing trains begins upon the passage of such trains past the leaving signals which It Will be readily apparent that a similar mode` of operation is provided in accordance with the passage of the west bound train B through the s track layout as illustrated in Figs. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E, similar codes being transmitted under similar traice conditions to those described for the passage of the train A. One slight difference exists, however, in the passage of the west bound train B as compared to the passage of the east bound train A in that reversal in direction of driven code transmission becomes effective for the center track section in the stretch of track between sidings as soon as the west bound train passes the leaving signal governing passage through such stretch of track. Thus, for example, the entrance of the train B into the track section I 9T as illustrated in Fig. 1C removes the driven code being transmitted from right to left through the track section AII--IlIT, and establishes the opposite direction of transmission of a code through such track section in order that the signal I1 may be cleared in accordance with the reception of a 180+ driven code.

It will be noted with reference to Fig. 1E that the approach to each other of the two opposing trains A and B has not been such as to cause the entering signals immediately in advance of the train to display caution indications. Howare at caution.

With reference to Fig. 1G, when two trains are approaching a` siding for a meet, the rst train to approach the siding section, which is assumed to be the train B, will encounter a caution entering signal as displayed by signal 9, if the vopposing train A is not in immediate approach of the entering signal 8. This condition is effective because the entrance of the train B into the stretch of single track between the sidings 24 and 25 establishes the direction of code transmission through the siding sections 8T and 9T; and, under the conditions illustrated, a code is transmitted through such siding'sections to cause the signal 9 to display a caution indication. Thel signal 9, however, is put to danger upon the entrance of the train A intothe track -section 1T, the entrance of train A into that track section being effective as shown in Fig. 1H to remove the code being transmitted through the siding sections 8T and 9T. Such mode of operation pro- .lap control for signal 8 which, in Fig. 1G, ex-

tends through the entire single track section between the sidings 24 and 25. This is true because the entrance of the train Binto the track section I3T in` reversing the direction of code transmission through the track sections 8T and 9T causes the signal to display a danger indi# cation. The negative `inverse code transmitted through the track sections 8T and 9T undersuch conditions to signal 8, is effective primarily to maintain the transmission of a 75+ codek for the control of the signal B as compared to a" 75- code which would be transmitted if such negative provided for the signal 9, is effective for the signalt 8 as illustrated in Figs. 1I and 1J where the entrance of train A` into the stretch of single track between sidings 23 and 24 is assumed to have been effective prior to the entrance of the train B into the stretch of single track between the sidings 24 and 25.

Normal conditions-Normal-conditions of the system are to `'be understood as those conditions which exist when the trackway is unoccupied by It is to these conditions that the system trains. is restored after the passage `of a train in either direction, if the system is not otherwise affected by another train.

Under normal conditions, a 180+ code is transmitted from the head block location of signals 1 and 8 through the track sections 1T and 8T. For transmission through the track section 8T, the relay 8PC (see Fig. 2A) pulses at a 180 rate in accordance with the energization for each impulseproduced by the coder or oscillator |80CT of a circuit extending from (+r, including contact 3l of oscillator ISUCT, front contact 32 of relay .1PH, back contact 33 of relay 1NH, front contact 34 of relay 1F, winding of relay BPC, and front contact 35 of relay 1F, to Each time the relay BPC is picked up a circuit is closed to energize the track circuitfor track section 8T with positive polarity for an on period of the driven code, extending from the positive terminal of track battery 36, including front contact 31 of relay BPC, back contact 38 of'relay 8NC, lower r rail of track section 8T, 'back Contact 50 (see Fig. 2B) of relay 8NC1, back contact 39 of relay 8PC1, winding of relay 8NTR1, windingof relay BPTRI, back contact 40 of relay 8PC1, back contact 4I of relay 8NC1, upper rail of track section 8T', back Contact 42' (see Fig. 2A) Vof relay8NC, and front contact 43 of relay BPC, to the negative terminal of track battery 36.

At the right-hand end of track section 8T the codel following track relay BPTR1 follows the 180+ driven code being transmitted through that track section, but the relay 8NTR1 is inactive because of its polar characteristics. The pulsing of contact 44of relay BPTR.l causes the relay BPH1 to be maintained picked up, such relay being suiiciently slow acting to remain picked up during the off periods of any driven code received. The relay tPH1 is energized from the secondary windingof a transformer TF (not shown) in a manner similar to that shownfor 'the energization Aof the relay BPH in Fig. 3 to be such contact as typicalJ transformer 8P' I'F, andi, secondary Winding d ue tocoVA i! time the front contacit44 ffrekliay 8 isvof such a polarity as to ,bewertet/tu i C'lnldr mission of a impulsenv through thetrack sectionBT, energization of such secondary tive with the proper polarity onlyrpo upon the opening of front contact 4 8PTR1, the relay 8PC1 will be pickedir' a short period of time sufficient to cause ti-i transmission of an impulse of an inversecode(J nu' each off period` of the driven code reeiyied the right-hand end of tracksectionilT. -In rdem to simplify the drawings, connection tothw'lte minals of the secondary windings of the tr formers is illustrated in the conventional wri circuit manner. It is to be understood lhat t energy .supplied for the transmission of,an infn verse codeby the secondary winding of a transformer TF as illustrated lin a written .circuit manner for any ofthetrack sections corresponds, to that illustrated andvhereinafter described 4as typical with reference to Fig. 3 in connection withA the decoding of impulses received at the left-,hand end of track section 8T. 1 Y. Therefore, the opening of front contact 44,0fA relay 8PTR1 at the end of eachon period of the. driven code received throughthe track sec; tion 8T causes the momentary pickingup of the relay 8P'C1 (see Fig., 2B) for the transmission of. an inverse code impulse by the energizationl of*- a circuit extending from a terminal ofthe secondary winding of. the decoding transformer designated as (SFTFXI) including front contact 45 oi relay 8PH1 ,front contact 46 of relay SPH, back contact 41 `of relay 9F, winding ofrelay 8PC1, and back contact 48 of relay 9F to the op-v posite terminal of the secondary winding of the transformer,designatedas (8TFCX1). At the left-hand` end of track section 8T the relay BPTR (see Fig. 2A) is pulsed upon the reception of an inverse codeof positive polarity in accordance with the energization during each off period ofthe driven code transmitted from Y that end of the track section of a circuit extending from the positive terminal of track battery 49 (see Fig. 2B) including front contact 39 off relay 8PC1, back contact 50 of relay 8NC1lowe rI rail of 'track section 8T,.back contact, 38,-.(s ee Fig. 2A) of relay 8NC,`|` back contact 31 of relay SPC, winding ofrelay BNTR, winding of relay BPTR, back contact 43" of relay 8PC, back contact 42 of relay 8NC, upper rail of tracksection 8T,Y back contact 4| (see Fig. 2B) of relay 8NC1, and front contact 40 of relay 8PC1, to the negativeA terminal of track battery 49. The pulsing of contact 5| of relay 8PTR upon the reception of the positive inverse. code causes.I the relay BPHto be maintained energized, and causes the energization of the relay 8D because the code-received .is ata rate. .With reference to Fig. 3, the pulsing of contact 5I of 'relay BPTR -alternately energ'izes the primarywinding vof the transformer 8PTF with iirst one polarity and then the other, and causes an alternatingvoltage to be induced in `the secondary windings of such transformer, The secondary winding 52 provides fortheenergization of the krelay BPH, and the contact 53 included in the circuit for relay BPH recties. the alternating current induced in thev secondary winding 52 so that the relay 8PH can be a direct current relay. This means of ener-I gizing' an H relay in accordance with the pulsing of a contact of a code following relay is well known to those familiar with the art, and is disclosed more fully in my prior application, Ser. No. 365,669, filed November 14, 1940. Each time reversal of the flux in the transformer SPTF is eifective, the tuned circuit including the primary winding of transformer BPTF, condenser l, and the primary winding of transformer 55, is active to cause sufficient alternating current to be induced in the secondary winding of transformer 55 to allow the picking up of the relay 8D through the medium of the rectifier 56, only if the code being received is at a rate of 180 irnpulses per minute. The circuits just described for the control'of the relaysBPH and 8D, and thev circuit shown for the relay 8NH which is similar to the circuit described for relay SPH, are to be considered as typical of the circuits not shown in detail which are to be understood to be provided for each of the relays PH, NH and D employed in this embodiment of the present invention. g

In accordance with the picked up condition of the relays 8D and 8PH, a circuit is conditioned for the energization of the green lamp 8G (see Fig. 2A) of signal 8, depending upon the presence of a train in approach of such signal to provide approach lighting. If approach lighting were effective in accordance with the picking up g of the approach repeater relay BARP, the lamp 8G would be illuminated by the energization of a circuit extending from (+B, including front contact 51 of relay BARP, back contact 58 of relay TNHP, front contact 59 of relay 8PH, front contact 60 of relay 8D, and lampi 8G, to

In a similar manner to that described in detail for the codes transmitted through the track section 8T, agdrivn code is transmitted from right to left *through the track section 9T to cause therelay'SPTR (see Fig, 2B) to be active to pulse contact 6I for maintaining the relay SPH picked up. In accordance with the picked up condition of the relay 8PH1, an inverse code of positive polarity is transmitted through the track section 9T for the control of signal 9 in a manyner similar to that described in detail for the transmissionof an inverse code through the track section 8T for the control of signal 8, suchftransmission being "effective in accordance with the pulsing of contacts 62 and 63 of relay SPC. Upon reception of an inverse code at the right-hand end of track section 9T of positive polarity at a rate of 180 impulses per minute, the pulsing of contact 64 of relay SP'IR.1 (see Fig. 2C) is effective to maintain the relays SPH1 and 9D in a picked up position. Thus, the signal 9 is conditioned to have its green lamp 9G illuminated, dependent upon approach lighting, in a manner similar 4to that described in detail with reference to the circuit for the illumination of the lamp 8G of signal 8.

With reference to Fig. 2A it will be noted that the relay TPC is normally active to transmit a driven code of positive polarity at a 180 rate through the track section TT in accordance with its energization by an obvious circuit during each impulse formed by the closing of contact 65 of the oscillator IliIlCT.k The transformer of a 180+ drivencode through the track section-'TT is effective in accordance with the energization of the track circuit for that track section during each on period in a manner similar to that which has been described in detail with reference to the track circuit for the track section 8T.

Upon the reception at the left-hand end of track section TT of the code, under normal conditions, an inverse code of positive polarity is transmitted back through the track section TT for the clearing of signal T in a manner similar to that to be hereinafter described in which an inverse code is transmitted through the track section I3T (see Figs. 2E and 2F) for the clearing of signal I3. v

Thereception of an inverse code of positive polarity at signal T causes the pulsing of contact 66 (see Fig. 2A) of relay TPTR, and the pulsing of such contact causes the relay IPH to be energized. Thus the energized condition of relay IPH causes-the signal T to be normally clear by the energization of the green lamp TG of such signal upon the closing of a circuit extending from including back contact 6T of relay TNH, front contact 68 of relay TPH, and lamp TG, to The reception of an inverse code for the control of signal 1 in maintaining the relay 1PH energized causes the traffic direction relay 1F to be energized by an obvious circuit closed at front contact 69. Upon considering the circuits which have been described in connection with the control of the code transmitter relay SPC, it will be noted that such relay is selected to transmit a driven code when the relay 1F is picked up, and to transmit an inverse code when the relay 1F is dropped away. It will therefore be apparent, that the shifting of the contacts of the relay 1F can be effective to change the direction of driven code transmission in the track section 8T. Such conditions will be more readily apparent hereinafter when considering the passage of a train along the trackway. It is of course, obvious that similar conditions exist at the right-hand end of slding 24 with respect to the relay IOF. Such relay is normally energized by an obvious circuit closed at front contact |14 Yof relay IOPH.

At the right-hand end of the siding 24, a 180+ driven code is transmitted under normal conditions by the pulsing at a 180 rate of the relay I UPC (see Fig. 2C) upon energization for each impulse of the oscillator IBIlCT1 of an obvious circuit closed at front contact 10. A track circuit for track section IDT is energized in a manner similar to that described for the track circuit of track section 8T each time the relay IDPC is picked up, and the pulsing of the relay IUPTRl (see Fig. 2D) at the right-hand end of track section |0T is effected at a'180 rate. The pulsing of contact TI of relay II'IPTR1 causes the relay I0PHl to be maintainedpicked up through the medium of a transformer as has been described in detail with respect to the control of the relay 8PH.

At signal I3 (see Fig. 2F), the relay I3PC1 is pulsed at a 180 rate to cause the transmission of a, 180+ driven code through the track section |3T, such pulsing being effective dependent upon the closed condition of front contact 12 of'relay MPH in a manner similar to that described with reference to the control of the code transmitter relay TPC for the left-hand end of the siding 24.

Upon the reception of a 180+ code at the lefthand end of track section I3T, the rely ISPTR. (see Fig. 2E) is active, and the pulsing of contact T3 of such relay causes the relay I3PH to be picked up in a manner similar to that described for the picking up of the relay BPH.

The traffic direction relay |3F is normally picked up by the energization of a circuit extending from including back contact T4 of relay IISP, back contact 15 of relay IIS, back contact T6 of relay IIC, front contact T1 of relay ISPH, back contact 18 of relay I3NH, and winding of relay I3F, to In accordance with the energized condition of relay I3F, the relay IIPC is operable to repeat each driven code impulse received at the left-hand end o f track section I3T. Thus, relay IIPC is picked up each time the front contact 13 of relay ISPTR is closed, by the energization of a circuit extending from 1+), including front contact 13 of relay I3PTR, front contact 19 of relay I3PH, front contact 80 of relay I3F, back contact 8l of relay I2S, winding of relay IIPC, and front contact 82 of relay I3F, to It will be noted here, as it was in consideringthe control of the relay 1F at the left`- hand end of the siding 24, thatthe transmission of a driven code through the track section II I2T from right; to left is dependent upon the energized condition of the relay I3F. If such relay is dropped away, the relays IIPC and IINC can only transmit inverse codes.

The reception of the 180+ code at the lefthand end of track section II- I2'I' causes the pulsing of contact 83 (see Fig. 2D) of relay I2PTR at a 180 rate, and the pulsing of such contact causes the relays I2PH and I2D to be picked up by the energization of circuits provided similar to those illustrated in Fig. 3 for the relays 8PH and 8D. With the relays I2PH and I2D picked up, the signal I2 displays a clear indication because of the energization of a circuit closed for the green lamp I2G of such signal extending from including back contact 84 of relay I2NH, front contact 85 of relay I2PH, front contact 88 of relay I2D, and lamp I2G, to

inasmuch as the relay IIIPH1 is picked up under normal conditions, the relay I2PC is normally connected to the secondary winding of the trans.. former for track section II- I2T which is energized in accordance with the reception of the 180+ driven code, The relay I2PC is therefore picked up during each off period of the driven code received, by the energization of a circuit closed from the terminal designated as (I2PTFX) of the secondary winding of the transformer, including front contact 81 of relay I2PH, back contact 88 of relay I0NH1, front contact 89 of relay IOPHI, back contact 90 of relay IDFl, back contact 9| of relay IISl, winding of relay I2PC, back contact 92 of relay IOFI, and back contact |02 of relay IIS1, to the opposite terminal of the -f secondary winding of the transformer designated as |2TFCX).`

The pulsing of the relay I2PC for the transmission of an inverse code through the track section Il -I2T causes the relay IIPTR (see Fig. l

2E) to be active to'pulse the contact 93 so as to cause relays I IPH and I ID to be energized by circuits provided similar to the 'circuits shown in Fig. 3 for the relays BPH and 8D respectively. The signal II is therefore normallyA clear in accordance with the energization of the green lamp IIG by a circuit extending from including back contact 98 of relay IINH. front contact 91 of relay IIPH, front contact 98 of relay IID, and the green l'iraIIG of signal II, to

With the relay iIPH picked up, under normal conditions, the relay I3PC isl active to transmit an inverse code of positive polarity through the track section I3T for the clearing of signal'l3. The relay I3PC is picked up during each 01T period of the driven code received at the left-hand end of track section I3T by the energization of a circuit extending from the secondary winding terminal of the decoding transformer designated as (ISPIFX), including front contact 94 of relay of relay IIPH,and winding of relay I3PC, to the opposite terminal (I3TFCX) of the transformer secondary winding.

At the right-hand end of track section I3T, the relay I3P'I'R,1 (see Fig. 2F) is active to pulse the contact 88 so as -to cause the relay lI3PH1 I3PH, front contact 85 yto be maintained picked up by the energization of circuits similar to those shown in Fig. 3 for` the control of relay BPH. The picked up condi- .tion of relay I3PH1 causesthe signal I3 to display a clear indication by the energizationof a` circuit for the green lamp I3G of such signal extending from including back contact |00 of`relay I3NH1, front contact IOI 'of relay I3PH1, and lamp ISG, to

The transmission of a 180+ pulsing of relay I4PC in a manner similar to that which has been described with reference to the application of a 180+ driven code to the track section 8T by the code transmitter relay 8PC (seeFig. 2A).

Passage of an east bound tram- In considering the passage of trains through the track layout, reference will be made particularly to the manner in which such trains affect the track sections having circuits shown in Figs. 2A to 2F inclusive, and it is` to be understood that the circuits thus aiected are similar to those yprovided but not shown for the track sections and signals in similar relationship to passing sidings v changed from positive to negative polarity so as to cause the signal 1 to display a caution indication. The manner in which the codes are transmitted through the stretch of track between sidings23 and 24 is to be understoodvas being' similar to the ,manner of code transmission through the stretch of track between sidingsv 24 and 25 under conditions in which the train A is within the limitsof the siding 24. Suchcondition will be hereinafter described as the train Ais assumed to progress along the trackway from left to\righ't.

To consider the condition illustrated in Fig.

1B, the reception of an inverse code of negative polarity at the right-hand end of track section 1T causes the pulsing ofthe relay TNTR (see Fig. 2A) rather than the relay 1PTR. When the relay 1PTR becomes inactive, the relay 1PH is dropped away because of the inactivity of contact 66 of relay 1PTR, and the dropping away of such relay causes the green lampIG of signal 1 to be extinguished by opening front contact 88.

The pulsing of contact IIO of relay 1NTR causes the relay -TNH to bepicked up by the energization of circuits similar to those shown in Fig, 3 for the control of relay SNH. The picking up of relay TNH causes the yellow lamp 1Y of signal 1 to be illuminated for a caution indication in accordance with the'energization of an obvious circuit closed at front contact 61. v

The relay 1F is maintained picked up by a new circuit closed when relay 'INH is picked up and 1PH is dropped away, extending from including back contact 69 of' relay1PH, front contact III of relay 1NH, and winding of relay driven code through the track section I4T is effected by the circuit at front contact 61.

la 180+ code will be '|F, to The changein the polarity of the inverse cod transmitted through the track section 1T under the trailic conditions being considered does not disturb the normal conditions for the other track circuits illustrated in Figs. 2A to 2F inclusive.

When the east bound train A passes the leav\ ing signal 4 and enters the track section 4T (see Fig. 1C), the inverse code transmitted through the track sections 5- 6T and 1T is removedand therefore the signal is put to stop. The removal of the inverse code of course causes the relay '|NH- (see Fig. 2A) to be dropped away, and the dropping away of such relay causes the extinguishing of the yellow lamp |Y by opening its A circuit is then closed for the red lamp 1R of signal 1 extending from including back contact 81 of relay |NH, back contact 68 1R, to

Upon the dropping away of the relay |NH, the relay 'IF is dropped away because its circuit is open at front contact andthe dropping away ofv that relay opens the circuit, which has been described when considering'the normal conditions of the system, for the relay 8PC at front contacts 34 and 35. The relay'8PC therefore becomes inactive and removes the driven code normally transmitted through the track section 8T from the left-hand end of suchy track section. When such code is removed, the relay 8PH1 (see Fig. 2B) is dropped awayfby contact 44 of relay 8PTR1 becoming inactive, and the dropping away of relay 8PH1 causes the relay 9F to be picked up to initiate the transmission of a driven code through the track section 8T from right to left.

Relay 9F is picked up under such conditions by the energization of a circuit extending from including front contact ||2 of relay BPH, winding of relay 9F, back contact ||3 of relay 8F, and back contact |4 of relay 8PH1, to When relay'SF is picked up, the circuit by which the relay 8PC1 is normally active for the transmission of an inverse code is opened at contacts 41 and 48, and a circuit is closed whereby relayy 8PC1 is operable to repeat the impulses received by the relay 9PTR at the left-hand end of track section 9T. Such circuit extends from including front contact 6| of relay 9P'I'R, front contact ||5 of relay SPH, front contact 41 of relay 9F, winding of relay 8PC1, and front contact 48 of relay 9F, to Inasmuch as the relay 9P'IR is normally pulsing at a 180 rate, transmitted by the relay 8PC1 through the track section 8T to maintain the relays SPH and 8D (see Fig. 2A) picked up and,maintain the signal 8 conditioned to be clear.

At the left-hand end of track section 8T the relay 8NC becomes active to transmit an' inverse code of negative polarity in accordance with the deenergized condition of the relays 'IPH and INH for the track section 1T, and in accordance with the deenergized condition of relay 1F. The relay 8NC `is therefore connected across the decoding transformer energized upon reception of impulses at the left-hand end of track section 8T so as to be energized during each off period of the driven code received by a circuit extending from a terminal of the secondary winding of the decoding transformer designated as (BPTFX), including front contact ||6 of relay BPH, back contact ||1 of relay IPH, back contact ||8 of relay TNH, back contact ||9 of relay 1F, winding of relay 8NC, and back contact 35 of relay 1F, to the opposite terminal of the secondary winding of relay lPH, and lamp of the decodingA transformer designated as (8TFCX). The closing of frontcontacts 38 and 42 for the transmission of each impulse of the inverse code -applies negative polarity f to the track circuit for track section 8T in an obvious manner, the negative terminal of track battery 36 being connected through front contact 38 to the lower rail of the track section, and the positive terminal of track battery being connected through front contact 42 to the upper rail of track section 8T.

The shifting of the polarity of the impulses transmitted from left to right through the track section 8T causes the relay ilPH1 (see Fig. 2B) at the right-hand end of track section 8T tobe dropped away, andthe relay 8NH1 to be picked up because of the pulsing of contact |20 of relay 8NTR1. The picking upof relay 8NH1 causes the polarity `of the vinverse code transmitted through the track section 9T to be changed from positive to negative. To effect such change, the relay 9PC at the left-hand end of track section 9T becomes inactive because of theopening of its normally energized circuit at front contact |2 The relay SNC becomes active to transmit an inverse code of negative polarity upon the picking up of relay 8NH1 by the energization during each oif" period of the driven code received at the left-hand vend of track section 9T of a circuit extending from the terminal (9PTFX) of the secondary winding of thev decoding transformer including front contact |22 of relay SPH, front contact |23 of relay 8NH1, back contact |24 of relay 8F, winding of relay 9NC, and back contact |25 of relay 8F, to the opposite terminal (STFCX) of the 'secondary winding of the decoding transformer.

The shifting of the polarity of the inverse code transmitted through the track section 9T causes the relay 9PH1 (see Fig, 2C) to be dropped away whenthe contact 64 of relay 9PTR1 becomes inactive. The relay 9NH1 is picked up due to the pulsing of` contact |26 of relay9NTR1. Inasmuch as the relay |0F is in its normally energized position, a stick circuit is closed for such relay to maintain the direction cf code transmission established through the track section 9T. Such stick circuit extends from including front contact |21 of relay 9NH1, front contact |.28 ofrelay |0F, and winding of relay IDF, to The picking up of the relay 9NHP is dependent upon the relay |||F being in its deenergized position,4 so therefore such relay remains dropped away and the red lamp SR of signal 9 is conditioned to be energized dependent upon approach control. Thus, if the relay SARP for approach control were picked up, the lamp 9R of signal 9 would be illuminated in accordance with the dropping away of the relay 9PH1 by a circuit extending from' including front contact |29 of relay 9ARP, back contact |30 of relay 9NHP, back contact |3| of relay 9PH1, and lamp 9R, to

With the signal 9 at danger, the signal in the rear thereof must be put to caution, so the driven code transmitted from left to right through the track section 4 IUT is Lchanged from to 75+. Such change is eifected by the opening of the normally energized circuit for relay |0PC at front contact 10 of relay 9PH1, and the closing of.a circuit during each impulse of the oscillator '|5CT1 extending from contact |32 of oscillator '|5CT1, back contact |33 of relay 9S, back contact |34 of relay 9PH1, front contact |35 of relay sN-Hl, back Contact;v 1n of relay and winding of relay IUPC, to

The reception of a 75+ code at the right-handv end of track section IUT does not aiect the codev transmitted through the track section II-I2T for the control of signal II unless a train is approaching signal II so as to cause a reversal in the direction of driven code transmission through the track section |2T. That is, were a west bound train approaching signal II at the time the 75+ code were received at the right-hand end of track section IUT, such 75 code would be repeated into track section II-I2T so as to cause the signal II to display a caution indication. Under such conditions, the relay IUF1 (see Fig. 2D) would be picked up because of the presence of the west bound train in approach of signal II in a manner which will' be hereinafter considered, and the picked up condition of such relay would condition the relayy |2PC so that such relay would transmit a (-l-)' impulse in the track section II-I2T for each impulse received of the 75 code at the right-hand end of track section IUT. The relay I2PC would be energized each time the front contact 'II of relay IUP'IR.1

is closed by a circuit extending fromk (-1-), including front contact 'II of relay IUPTR1, front contact |36 of relay IUPHl, front contact 3U yof relay IUFl, back contact 9| of relay IIS1, winding of relay I2PC, and front ycontact 92 of relay Upon the reception of the 75+ code at the right-hand end of track section II|2T for the control of signal |I, the relay IIPTR (see Fig. 2E) would of course be maintained picked up, but the relay IID would be dropped away because of the 75 code rate received, and upon the dropping away of that relay the lamp IIG of signal I| would be extinguished by the opening of front contact 98, and the yellow lamp HY of such signal would be illuminated by the energization of a circuit extending from including back contact 98 of relay IINH, front-contact 91 of relay IIPHI back contact 98 of relay IID, and lamp IIY, to If a traiiic condition is considered in which it is assumed that the trackway is unoccupied for considerable distance in advance ofthe train A'A when it occupies track section 4T, the reception of the 75+ code at the right-hand end of track section IUT will not disturb the normal condi` noted that the signal I3 under such conditions remains clear, as such signal is always clear when an inverse code of positive polarity is being received for the control ofy that signal, irrespective of the rate of such code. The signal I3 can be put to caution only by the transmission of a negative inverse code for the control of that signal. Such condition will be apparent. from circuits which have been described for the control of signal I3 in which the green lamp ISG is illuminated whenever the relay I3PH1 is picked up, such relay being picked up whenever a code having a positive polarity is received at the righthand end of the track section I3T.

To consider further progress of awe'st bound train along the trackway, with reference to Figs. 1D and 1E, it will be noted that vthe presence of the train A in either track section 5 -6T or track section ITV does not disturb the conditions of code transmission through the track sections 8T, 9T, |UT, II- I2T and I3T as they have been considered. f 'f East bound train' enters vsiding section.'-,Pas sage ofthe train Ainto the siding section 8T removes the inverse code which has been transvmitted throughl the track sections UTand 9T,

and the removal of suchcode changes'the polarsection IUT from a (-1-) code `to a code. It will be noted that suchfconditions are illusin which the-'approach ofV an opposing train is not involved. However, upon comparingFigs. 1B and 1F; it will be noted that the. conditions which exist for code transmission in advance of train A for the control of opposing'signals in Fig. 1B are similar to the conditions which exist for code transmission as illustrated-in 1F, except for the presence of the opposing 'train B. The mannerin which the train B aiiects code transmission will be hereinafter considered.

` Assuming the train A to have entered'the track section 8T, the relay UNH1 is dropped away because of the presence of the train in such track section, and the dropping away of thatrelay open: a circuit which 'has been described for the relay SNC at front contact |23 (s ee Fig. 2B) to cause such relay to become inactive for the transmission of Van inverse code through the track section 9T. -l

The removal of the inverse code from the track section QTcauses the relay UNHl to be dropped away. and therefore the circuit which 'has been described for the code transmitter relay |UP -C is opened at front contact' |35 tov'causewsuch relaytobecome inactive for thel transmission of codes through the track section IUT. The closing of back contact |35 of relay IJNHI,` however, closes a circuit to render the relay IUNC active for the transmission of a 75 code :through the track section IUT in accordance with the energizationduring each impulse of the oscillator ISCT1 of` a circuit closed l'romA including contactl |32` of oscillator 'I5CT1, backfcontactv |33 of relay 9S, back contact |34 of relay 9PH1, back contact |35 of relay UNH1, back contact |31 ofv relay UNHP, and winding of relay IUNC, to

The change in the polarity of the 75 code transmitted through the track section IUT causes'the relay IUPH1 (see Fig. 2D) to be dropped away, and the relay` IUNH1-to be picked up because-of the pulsing of contact |38 ofthe relay IUNTRI.

The dropping away of the relay IUPHlat the right-hand'end of track section IUT causes the relay IZPC to become inactive for the transmis- -sion of a. code thx ough the track section I I-I2T by opening 4the circuit for such relay at front contact 39, and the picking up of'relay IUN'l-I1 closes a circuit for connecting therelayIZNC to the secondary winding of the `decoding transformer for the left-hand end of track section II-I2T so as to cause the transmissionv of an inverse code of negative polarity through the track section II-I2T. The relay IZNC is energized from the secondary winding of such transformer by a circuit extending from the terminal of the secondary winding of such transformer designated as (IZPTFX) including front contact 81 of relay |2PH, front contact 88 of relay |0NH1, back contact |39 of relay |0F1, winding of relay |2NC, back contact 92 of relay |0F1, and back contact |02 of relay I |S1, to the opposite terminal of the secondary winding of the transformer designated as (|2TFCX). Such circuit is the one employed if there is no opposing train such as the train B as illustrated in Fig. 1F. If such train is present as illustrated in Fig. 1F, a '15- code will be received at the left-hand end of track section ||-|2T, and the relay |2NH will be picked up in accordance with the polarity of the code received rather than the relay |2PH which is normally energized, and such relay in its picked up position will cause the secondary winding of the decoding transformer which is energized upon reception of negative codes to apply energy to the circuit for relay |2NC at front contact |40 of relay |2NH. It will be noted from the description of the circuit for relay |2NC that the contacts I 40 and 81 merely serve to select the connection of the relay |2NC to the particular decoding transformer that is being energized in accordance with the polarity of the code received in the track section ||-|2T. That is, the secondary winding of a transformer energized upon the reception of a negative code is connected to the circuit for relay |2NC if relay |2NH is picked up, and the decoding transformer energized responsive to the reception of a positive code has its secondary winding connected to the relay |2NC if relay |2PH is picked up. Such condition can be considered as typical Afor the selection of energy for causing inverse code transmission through the other' track sections.

In accordance with the changing of the polarity of the inverse code transmitted through the track section |||2T from a positive to a negative polarity, the relay |IPH (see Fig. 2E) is .dropped away `at the right-hand end of track section ||-|2T, and the relay IINH is vpicked up. This change, however, ;does .not affect the yellow indication displayed by signal |,I (assuming traflic conditions as in Fig. 1F) because the yellow lamp IY is maintained energized with the relay IINH picked up, by a circuit extending from including front contact 9G of relay '|INH, back contact 98 of relay ||D, and lamp The change in polarity of the inverse code transmitted through track section |-I2T causes a change in the polarity of the inverse code transmitted through the track section |3T by rendering the code transmitter relay |3PC inactive, and

by rendering the code transmitter relay I 3NC active for the transmission of an inverse code for the control of signal I3. The relay |3PC becomes inactive upon the opening of front contact 95 of relay IIPH, and the relay |3NC becomes active for the transmission of an inverse code of negative polarity by the energization of a circuit including the secondary winding of whichever transformer is energized in accordance with the reception of a code at the left-hand end of track section |3T. VIf a positive code is being received at the left-hand end of track section 3T (assumingA the west bound train B `to be present), the relay |3NC is active in accordance with its connectionto the secondary winding of a decoding transformer by a circuit extending from one terminal of such secondary winding designated as (|3PTFX) including front contact 94 of relay I3PH, back contact 95 of relay IIPH, front contact |4| of relay I INH, and winding of relay |3NC to the opposite terminal of the secondary winding designated as (ISTFCX). lf the code being received at the left-hand end of track sectiton |3T is of negative polarity (assuming trac condition as in Fig. 1F), the relay |3PH will be dropped away, and the relay I3NH picked up to select by closing front contact |42 the secondary Winding of the 'deco-ding transformer energized upon reception of negative codes for connection to the circuit for relay |3NC.

When the inverse code transmittedthrough the track section |3T is changed from positive to negative polarity, the relay |3PI-Il (seeFig. 2F) at the right-hand end of track section |3T is dropped away because the contact 99 of relay |3PTRl becomes inactive, and the relay I3NH1 becomes picked up because of the pulsing of contact |43 of relay |3NTR1. Upon the dropping away of relay I3PH1 the green lamp 3G of signal I3 is extinguished by the opening of front contact |0|, and upon the picking up of relay I3NHl the yellow lamp |3Y is illuminated by the energization of an obvious circuit closed at front contact |00. It will be noted from the circuits which have been described for the transmission of an' inverse code through the track section |3T for the control of signal |3, that the reversal of polarity of the inverse code will be effected under the traine conditions which are under consideration irrespective of the presence of an opposing train such as the train B illustrated in Fig. 1F. In other Words, with reference to Fig. 1B, it will be noted that the inverse code transmitted through the track section 1T (which compares to the track section |3T) has its polarity changed to cause the signal 1 to display afcautionindication, even though the opposing train B is of suchl signal 1 to be put to stop as in Fig. 1C, the relay 8C (see Fig. 2A) associated with the stick relay 8S for signal 8 is picked up. Under such conditions the relay 8C is picked up by the. energization of a circuit extending from including back contact |50 of relay 1S, back contact I5| of relay 1C, back contact |52 of relay 1PH, back contact |53 of relay 1NH, back contact |54 of relay 1NHP, back contact |55 of relay 8NH, front contact |56 of relay SPH, and winding of relay 8C, to It will be noted from the circuit just described that the relay 8C is maintained energized until the relay SPH is dropped away upon passage gf the east bound train past signal 8 to open front contact |56. The relay 8C is sufficiently slow in dropping away, however, to provide a pick-up circuitfor the stick relay 8S which is momentarily closed upon the dropping away of relay SPH when the front contacts of relay 8C are still closed. Thus, upon accepting signal 8 the stick relay 8S is picked up by the energization of a circuit extending from including normally closed contact |51 of the switch circuit controller for the track switch at the lefthand end of siding 24,back contact |58 of relay 1NHP, back contact |59 of relay 8NH, back contact |60 of relay BPH, front contact |6| of relay 8C, and winding of relay 8S,- to The picking up of that relay closes a stick circuit at front contact |62 to shunt Contact |S| out of the pickup circuit just described.

In accordancewith the picking up of the stick The manner m which the '15+ code isrepeated through the track section --6T for the control of signal 6 will be readily recognized as comparable to a similar condition to be considered with respect to the repeating of a '15+ code through the trackvsection I I-I 2T for the caution indication of signal |2. Y

If the trackway in the rear of the train A is unoccupied -as illustrated in Fig 1F, the transmission of a '75+ code through the track.. section 1T provides a carrier for an inverse code to be transmitted for the control of signal 1 to cause such signal to be restored to its normally clear condition. As the train A proceeds further along the trackway so as to leave the track section 8T unoccupied,'the relay SPHl (see Fig. 2B) becomes picked up upon the reception of a 180-{- driven ccde which is transmitted by the relay tPC in accordance with the energization of circuits which have been described when considering normal conditions of the system. That is, the relay SPC is active in accordance with the picked up condition of the relay 1PH which is picked up upon the reception of an inverse code of positive polarity for the control of signal l'|.

The picking up of such relay of course causesy the picking up of the relay 1F which in turn closes a circuit which has been described for the relay 8PC at front contacts 34 and 35 4to cause relay BPC to be active for the transmission of a driven code. With the track section 9T occupied by the train, however, the relays SPCl andl BNC1 are both inactive for the transmission of an inverse code back through the trackl section 8T because of their circuits being opened by the deenergized condition of the relays SPH and SNH respectively.

APB tumbZe-down.-To consider further progress of the east bound train, assume that the train accepts the normally clear signal I0 and enters the track section |0T. It will be noted with reference to Fig. 1C, thata similar condition is illustrated with respect to the entrance of a train A into the stretch of track extending between passing sidings 23 and 24. The entrance of the train A into the track section |0T causes the relay |0NH1 (see Fig. 2D) to be dropped away at the right-hand end of track section IUT, and the dropping away of that relay opens the circuit Which has been described for the code transmitter relay I2NC at front contact 88 to cause such relay to be rendered inactive for the transmission of an inverse code.

Therefore, at the right-hand end of track sec-l tion II-I2T, the relay IINH (see Fig. 2E) is dropped away in accordance with the removal of the inverse code through the track section II-I2T, and the dropping away of such relay opens the circuit which has been described for the'yellow lamp IIY of signal and closes an obvious circuit at back contact 96 for the energization of the red lamp IIR for such signal. When the relay IINH is dropped away, the circuit by which relay |3NC has been active for a driven code through the track section 8T for y the transmisison of an inverse code is opened at front contact |4| to remove the inverse code from the track section |3T. As a result oithe removal of such code from the track section |3T, the relay |3NH1 (see Fig. 2F) is dropped away, and the dropping away of such relay opens the circ'u'itfor the yellow lamp I3Y of signal I3 atr front contact |00, and closes a circuit 4for the red lamp |3R of signal I3 extending from including back contact |00 of relay I3NH1, back contact lon of may |aPH1,and1amp 13R, to

When the relay |3NH1 is dropped away, the circuit normally closed by which the relay HPC is active for the transmission of a driven code is opened at front contact |66 to cause such relay to become inactive. The relay I4PC is normally active in accordance-with the energization of a 'circuit similar to the circuit described in detail for the relay 8PC at the left-hand end of the track section 8T. Upon the removal of lthe driven code from the track section I4T, the transmitter at the right-hand end of the track section |4T becomes active to transmit a 180 driven code to the left-hand end of track section I4T for the control of signal I4 in a manner similar t'o that described with reference to the transmission of the control of signal 8.

In a manner similar to that described in connection with the passage of a train past the signal 8,- the relay vIGS is picked upA upon passage of the eastbound train past the signal I0. Whe'n the train is in approach of the signal I0, the relay ISC is picked up by the energization of a circuit extending from including back contact |61 of Arelay BS, back contact |68 of relay SC, back contact |69 of relay 9PH1, back contact Y|10 of relay 9NH1, back contact I1| of relay SNHP, back contact |12 ofrelay- IONH, front contact |13 'of relay IDPH, and winding of relay |0C, to It Will be noted .that the relay |0C would be picked up in accordance with the closing of front contact |12 of Arelay IDNH if a ccde of negative polarity were being transmitted through the track section |0T as would be the case under the traino conditions as illustrated in Fig. 1F.

When the east bound train has accepted signal I0, the relay IUPH is dropped away to open4 the circuit which has been described for relay IOC at front contact |13, but the relay |0C, because of its slow action, is maintained picked up long enough to cause the picking up of the relay IUS by the energization of a circuit extending from including back contact |14 ofrelay -IOPH, back contact |15 of relay IUNH, front contact |16 of relay |0C, and winding of relay IUS, to The picking up of such relay closes a stick circuit at iront contact |11 to shunt contact |16 out of the circuit which has just been described.

vIt willbe noted of course that the ydropping away of the relay |0PH when the east bound train passes signal I0 causes the extinguishing of the green lamp IDG of signal I0 by the opening of front contact |18, and causes the red lamp IDR of such signal to become illuminated.

Passage of east bound train through stretch between sidingslWhen the track section 9T has become unoccupied in the rear of the east bound train, the relay SPC1 becomes active to transmit a '15+ code through the tracksection for the control oi signal 8 in accordance with the picked` up condition of the stick relay IUS. The relay.

SPC1 is picked up during each impulse produced by the oscillator 15CTl upon the closing of a cir- 

